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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Crownbeards
|name = Crownbeards
| image = Verbesina alternifolia0.jpg
|image = Verbesina alternifolia0.jpg
⚫
|image_caption = Yellow ironweed<br/>''[[Verbesina alternifolia]]''
| image_width = 200px
|display_parents = 3
⚫
| image_caption = [[Yellow Ironweed]]<br/>''[[Verbesina alternifolia]]''
⚫
|taxon = Verbesina
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
|type_species = ''[[Verbesina alata]]''
|type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref>lectotype designated by M.L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 183 (1929)</ref><ref name=y/>
| subclassis = [[Asteridae]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=u/>
| unranked_ordo = [[Euasterids II]]
⚫
|synonyms =
| ordo = [[Asterales]]
* ''Saubinetia'' <small>Remy</small>
| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
* ''Anomantia'' <small>Raf. ex DC.</small>
| genus = '''''Verbesina'''''
* ''Actimeris'' <small>Raf.</small>
| genus_authority =
* ''Hingstonia'' <small>Raf.</small>
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
* ''Achaenopodium'' <small>Brand.</small>
| subdivision =
* ''Platypteris'' <small>Kunth</small>
Several, see text.
* ''Ximenesia'' <small>Cav.</small>
⚫
| synonyms =
* ''Tepion'' <small>Adans.</small>
''Actinomeris''
* ''Ridan'' <small>Adans.</small>
* ''Wootonella'' <small>Standl.</small>
* ''Eupatoriophalacron'' <small>Mill.</small>
* ''Ochronelis'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Chaenocephalus'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''Saubinetia'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''Abesina'' <small>Neck.</small>
* ''Ditrichum'' <small>Cass.</small>
* ''Ancistrophora'' <small>A.Gray</small>
* ''Actinomeris'' <small>Nutt.</small>
* ''Pterophyton'' <small>Cass.</small>
* ''Achaenipodium'' <small>Brandegee</small>
* ''Hamulium'' <small>Cass.</small>
* ''Phaethusa'' <small>Gaertn.</small>
}}
}}


'''''Verbesina''''', many species of which have '''crownbeard''' as part of their common names, is a [[genus]] of flowering plants, in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Asteraceae]].<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358922#page/343/mode/1up Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 901-903]</ref><ref name=y>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40023779 Tropicos, ''Verbesina'' L.]</ref> It is a large genus of about 350 [[species]].<ref name="POWO_325878-2" >{{cite POWO |id=325878-2 |title=''Verbesina'' L. |access-date=29 August 2022 }}</ref><ref name=u>[https://archive.today/20141106151059/http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/default.aspx?Page=NameDetails&TabNum=0&NameId=57bace05-7275-4e9c-95e1-cff4b970299c Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist ]</ref>
'''Crownbeard''' is the common name of '''''Verbesina''''', a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s, in the daisy [[family (biology)|family]] ([[Asteraceae]]). They bear yellow flowers similar to small [[sunflower]]s. The name ''Verbesina'' refers to the similarity of the foliage to that of the (unrelated) [[verbena]].

All the species bear white or yellow flowers similar to small [[sunflower]]s. The name ''Verbesina'' very likely refers to the similarity of the foliage to that of the (unrelated) ''[[Verbena]].''<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=134477 Flora of North America ''Verbesina'' Linnaeus]</ref>


''Verbesina'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species. These include ''[[Schinia bina]]'', which has been recorded from ''[[Verbesina encelioides|V. encelioides]]'', and ''[[Schinia siren]]'' which feeds exclusively on that species.
''Verbesina'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species. These include ''[[Schinia bina]]'', which has been recorded from ''[[Verbesina encelioides|V. encelioides]]'', and ''[[Schinia siren]]'' which feeds exclusively on that species.


Pollen grains from eight of the nine species of ''Verbesina'' found in Brazil have been characterized as oblate-spheroidal, medium-sized, isopolar monads. They are 3-colplorate with a subtriangular amb, a small polar area, a long colpus, a lalongate endoaperture, a caveate{{typo help inline|reason=similar to caveated|date=May 2022}} exine and an echinate sexine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lopes Moreira |first=Giselle |date=January–March 2019 |title=Pollen morphology of Brazilian species of ''Verbesina'' L. (Heliantheae - Asteraceae) |journal=Acta Botanica Brasilica |volume=33 |pages=128–134 |doi=10.1590/0102-33062018abb0395 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
''Actinomeris'' is a [[basionym]] of ''Verbesina''.


==Selected species==
==Selected species==
{{main|List of Verbesina species|l1=List of ''Verbesina'' species}}
⚫
* ''[[Verbesina alternifolia]]'' &ndash; [[Yellow Ironweed]], [[Wingstem]]
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
⚫
* ''[[Verbesina arnottii]]''
⚫
* ''[[Verbesina alternifolia]]''
* ''[[Verbesina auriculigera]]''
* ''[[Verbesina auriculigera]]''
* ''[[Verbesina barclayae]]''
* ''[[Verbesina barclayae]]''
* ''[[Verbesina brachypoda]]''
* ''[[Verbesina brachypoda]]''
⚫
* ''[[Verbesina chapmanii]]''
* ''[[Verbesina dissita]]''
* ''[[Verbesina dissita]]''
* ''[[Verbesina ecuatoriana]]''
* ''[[Verbesina ecuatoriana]]''
* ''[[Verbesina encelioides]]'' - "[[Butter Daisy]]"; formerly ''Ximenesia''
* ''[[Verbesina encelioides]]''
* ''[[Verbesina gigantea]]''
* ''[[Verbesina gigantea]]''
* ''[[Verbesina glabrata]]''
* ''[[Verbesina glabrata]]''
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* ''[[Verbesina harlingii]]''
* ''[[Verbesina harlingii]]''
* ''[[Verbesina hastata]]''
* ''[[Verbesina hastata]]''
⚫
* ''[[Verbesina helianthoides]]''
* ''[[Verbesina howardiana]]''
* ''[[Verbesina howardiana]]''
* ''[[Verbesina kingii]]''
* ''[[Verbesina kingii]]''
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* ''[[Verbesina rupestris]]''
* ''[[Verbesina rupestris]]''
* ''[[Verbesina saloyensis]]''
* ''[[Verbesina saloyensis]]''
⚫
* ''[[Verbesina subcordata]]''
* ''[[Verbesina squarrosa]]''
* ''[[Verbesina squarrosa]]''
* ''[[Verbesina subcordata]]''
* ''[[Verbesina villonacoensis]]''
* ''[[Verbesina villonacoensis]]''
* ''[[Verbesina virginica]]'' &ndash; [[White Crownbeard]], [[frostweed]]
* ''[[Verbesina virginica]]''
{{Div col end}}
** ''Verbesina virginica'' var. ''laciniata ''


==References==
{{commonscat|Verbesina}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q5189541}}


⚫
[[Category:Verbesina| ]]
⚫
{{Heliantheae-stub}}
[[Category:Asteraceae genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]


⚫
[[Category:Verbesina|*]]


⚫
{{Heliantheae-stub}}
⚫
[[es:Verbesina]]
[[pt:Verbesina]]
[[ro:Verbesina]]

Latest revision as of 04:08, 29 August 2022

Crownbeards
Yellow ironweed
Verbesina alternifolia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Subtribe: Verbesininae
Genus: Verbesina
L.
Type species
Verbesina alata
Synonyms[3]
  • Saubinetia Remy
  • Anomantia Raf. ex DC.
  • Actimeris Raf.
  • Hingstonia Raf.
  • Achaenopodium Brand.
  • Platypteris Kunth
  • Ximenesia Cav.
  • Tepion Adans.
  • Ridan Adans.
  • Wootonella Standl.
  • Eupatoriophalacron Mill.
  • Ochronelis Raf.
  • Chaenocephalus Griseb.
  • Saubinetia J.Rémy
  • Abesina Neck.
  • Ditrichum Cass.
  • Ancistrophora A.Gray
  • Actinomeris Nutt.
  • Pterophyton Cass.
  • Achaenipodium Brandegee
  • Hamulium Cass.
  • Phaethusa Gaertn.

Verbesina, many species of which have crownbeard as part of their common names, is a genus of flowering plants, in the family Asteraceae.[4][2] It is a large genus of about 350 species.[5][3]

All the species bear white or yellow flowers similar to small sunflowers. The name Verbesina very likely refers to the similarity of the foliage to that of the (unrelated) Verbena.[6]

Verbesina species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species. These include Schinia bina, which has been recorded from V. encelioides, and Schinia siren which feeds exclusively on that species.

Pollen grains from eight of the nine species of Verbesina found in Brazil have been characterized as oblate-spheroidal, medium-sized, isopolar monads. They are 3-colplorate with a subtriangular amb, a small polar area, a long colpus, a lalongate endoaperture, a caveate[check spelling] exine and an echinate sexine.[7]

Selected species[edit]

Main article: List of Verbesina species

References[edit]

  1. ^ lectotype designated by M.L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 183 (1929)
  2. ^ a b Tropicos, Verbesina L.
  3. ^ a b Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  4. ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 901-903
  5. ^ "Verbesina L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  6. ^ Flora of North America Verbesina Linnaeus
  7. ^ Lopes Moreira, Giselle (January–March 2019). "Pollen morphology of Brazilian species of Verbesina L. (Heliantheae - Asteraceae)". Acta Botanica Brasilica. 33: 128–134. doi:10.1590/0102-33062018abb0395.


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