McEwan's: Difference between revisions

McEwan's
Industry	Alcoholic drink
Founded	1856
Founder	William McEwan
Headquarters	Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Products	Beer
Production output	100,000 hectolitres (2012)
Owner	Carlsberg Marston's Brewing Company

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 17:48, 10 April 2024

McEwan's is a brand of beer owned by Carlsberg Marston's Brewing Company. It was originally brewed by William McEwan's Fountain Brewery in Edinburgh, Scotland. The McEwan's brand passed to Heineken in 2008 after their purchase of Scottish & Newcastle's British operations. Heineken sold the brand to Wells & Young's in 2011, who sold their brewing operation, including the McEwan brand to Marston's in 2017. Cans and bottles are now brewed in Bedford, England.

History[edit]

William McEwan opened the Fountain Brewery in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, in 1856. The firm underwent several mergers in the following century, including with local rival William Younger's, and later with Newcastle Breweries to form Scottish & Newcastle. Its popular brands included 80/-, a Heavy beer, and Export, an India Pale Ale. All of the draught beers (except Best Scotch) were brewed at the Caledonian Brewery in Edinburgh, whilst the canned and bottled beers were produced at the Eagle Brewery in Bedford, England.^[2] The beers are sold predominantly in Scotland and the North East of England.

Despite being the dominant presence in Scottish brewing for around a century, the McEwan's brands were neglected by Scottish & Newcastle, who concentrated on their global brands.^{[citation needed]} The McEwan's ales were eclipsed by John Smith's Bitter and Belhaven Best and cask-conditioned beers such as Deuchars IPA, whilst the lager fell behind Tennent's.

McEwan's used a cavalier mascot, broadly based on the Frans Hals painting, the Laughing Cavalier portrait^{[citation needed]}, which has been used since the 1930s.^{[citation needed]} The company was a sponsor of football teams in the 1980s and 1990s, including Rangers F.C and Blackburn Rovers.

The McEwan's brand passed to Heineken in 2008 after their purchase of Scottish & Newcastle's British operations. Heineken sold the brand to Wells & Young's in 2011. In May 2017, Charles Wells Ltd sold its brewing business (including McEwan's) to Marston's.^{[citation needed]}

Victorian beginnings[edit]

William McEwan opened the Fountain Brewery in Fountainbridge, then a suburb on the outskirts of Edinburgh, in 1856, using £2,000 loaned by his mother and his uncle.^[3] The area and the brewery are named after the spring waters from the vicinity, which, in addition to its proximity to the Caledonian railway line and the Union Canal, determined the location of the brewery.^[4]^[5] McEwan had employed geologists to identify the prime location for a supply of well water.^[6] Beforehand, McEwan had engaged in industrial espionage at Bass and Allsopp's breweries in order to learn techniques and assay costs.^[7] After establishing a market share in the industrial regions of the Scottish lowlands, from the early 1860s, McEwan built up a successful colonial export trade by exploiting his family's shipowning connections.^[8] It was during this time that McEwan's India Pale Ale, the beer that was the foundation for much of the company's reputation, was first labelled Export.^[8]

By the 1870s, McEwan's brewery employed 170 men and boys, and its beers were widely available in England.^[6]^[9] By 1880, the brewery site covered 12 acres.^[6] McEwan's 80/-, a Heavy beer, was first brewed in the late nineteenth century; the shilling "/-" denotion refers to the wholesale price for a hogshead of the beer.^[10]^[11] In 1886, as he prepared to enter Parliament, William McEwan appointed his nephew, William Younger, as managing director of the brewery.^[6] When the company was registered in 1889, it was worth £408,000 and had capital of £1 million; and was the largest brewery in the United Kingdom under a single owner.^[8] By the turn of the twentieth century the company had a large share of the market throughout Scotland, a 90% share of the Tyneside market, and was exporting to Scottish expatriates across the British Empire.^[12] At its peak, the brewery was producing two million barrels of beer a year, much of it for export.^[8]

Twentieth-century mergers[edit]

In 1907, McEwan's acquired the trade and goodwill of Alexander Melvin & Co of central Edinburgh.^[13] By 1914, McEwan's bottled beers were distributed across the United Kingdom.^[14] In December 1930, McEwan's merged with Edinburgh rival William Younger's Brewery to form Scottish Brewers in a defensive move after the Great Depression diminished revenues.^[15] Each entity was initially run separately, and only certain financial and technological resources were amalgamated.^[15] During this period, the company became an early pioneer of container beer, largely due to its dependence on exports, particularly to the Royal Navy, where beer might be stored on board ships for up to a year.^[16] The NAAFI continued to be an important McEwan's customer throughout the century.^[17] In the early-1930s, Jardine Matheson approached the company regarding a potential brewing venture in China, but McEwan's did not welcome the threat to their export business.^[18]

The company's export trade declined during and after the Second World War, and as a result, the Abbey Brewery in Edinburgh, previously the Younger's brewery, closed down in 1956 and was converted into offices.^[19] By the 1950s, McEwan's had become the dominant party in the McEwan Younger venture, and a full merger was undertaken in 1959.^[20] Scottish Brewers continued to increase its market share in the brewing sector, doubling its output after a costly five-year programme of expansion and modernisation undertaken between 1958-63.^[21]

The company merged with Newcastle Breweries in 1960, forming Scottish & Newcastle, a group with market value of £50,000,000.^[15] William McEwan Younger, the son of William Younger, was the chairman and managing director.^[22] The company dedicated itself to the free trade, and promoted its brands to an extent not previously witnessed in the British brewing industry.^[22] McEwan's Export became one of the three core brands of the new company, alongside Newcastle Brown Ale and Younger's Tartan Special. Scottish & Newcastle became the dominant force in brewing across Scotland and the North of England.^[22] From the 1960s, the company began to style itself MacEwan's in export markets, in order to make pronunciation easier.^[23] The company's McEwan's Strong Ale was the highest gravity beer on general sale throughout the world.^[23] McEwan's Export was alternatively sold as India Pale Ale or Scotch Ale overseas.^[23] William McEwan Younger retired in 1970.^[22]

The Fountain Brewery was rebuilt in 1973 and pioneered the use of computer control for the entire brewing process.^[24] The site had a 2 million barrel capacity, and occupied 22 acres on a new site which had formerly been occupied by a British Rubber mill.^[3] McEwan's Export became a nationally distributed beer by the 1970s, and was the best -selling canned beer in the United Kingdom by 1975.^[25]^[26] McEwan's Lager was introduced in 1976 as the demand for lager increased, but it struggled to gain credibility until the "Alive and kicking" campaign was launched in 1986.^[27] McEwan's Export was launched in the United States in 1989.^[28] Two bottled ales were launched, McEwan's Champion Ale (7.3%) in 1997 and McEwan's Parliament Ale (5%) in 1999.^[29] In 2000, McEwan's had 13% of the Scottish lager market and around 40% of the Scottish ale market.^[30] In 2003 McEwan's 70/- was overtaken by Belhaven Best as Scotland's best-selling ale, and McEwan's Lager was discontinued.^[31]^[32]

Closure of the Fountain Brewery[edit]

In February 2004, Scottish & Newcastle announced the closure of the Fountain Brewery. Production costs at Fountainbridge had become twice as high as those at the company's lowest-cost brewery in Tadcaster, North Yorkshire.^[33] It closed in June 2005, with the loss of 170 jobs.^[5] Production of McEwan's draught beers was transferred to the Caledonian Brewery with cans of McEwan's Export being produced at John Smith's Brewery in Tadcaster.^[34] The McEwan's and Younger's brands added around 50,000 barrels to the production of the Caledonian.^[35] The last regular batch of the cask-conditioned version of McEwan's 80/- was brewed in 2006 after annual production dropped below 10,000 barrels, although the beer made a brief return in June 2011 and has since been brewed seasonally by W&Y.^[36]^[37] McEwan's Lager was reintroduced in 2009.^[38]

Sale to Wells & Young's[edit]

In October 2011, Heineken sold the McEwan's beer brands to Wells & Young's for around £20 million, and production of McEwan's Best Scotch and canned and bottled brands moved to Bedford.^[39]^[40] The new owners vowed to reintroduce McEwan's as a cask ale brand and launch an expanded premium bottled range.^[41] Together with the Younger's brands McEwan's generated £80,000,000 of sales annually in the UK, with McEwan's the largest Wells & Young's brand.^[42]^[43] It was the highest-selling ale brand in Scotland where it had a 20% market share.^[44] Like most largely pasteurised ale brands in the UK it had been in a state of managed decline.^[45] The beers were sold predominantly in Scotland and the north of England; a small amount was exported to Italy.^[44] 2012 saw the launch of McEwan's Export in bottles, and a new seasonal cask-conditioned golden ale called McEwan's Gold.^[43]^[46] In 2013, export sales to Canada were resumed, having been discontinued under Heineken.^[47] In April 2013, McEwan's Red was launched, aimed at younger drinkers and with the intention of expanding the brand into England.^[1] McEwan's beers began to be sold in France in April 2013.^[47] The bottled beers McEwan's Amber and Signature were launched in July 2013.

Sale to Marston's[edit]

In May 2017, Marston's announced that it had acquired the McEwan's brands as part of the acquisition of Charles Wells's brewing interest with cans and bottles continuing to be brewed in Bedford, England.^[48] In April 2020, Marston's placed its brewing business, including the McEwan's brands, into a joint venture with Carlsberg.^[49]

Closure of Caledonian Brewery[edit]

In May 2022, Heineken announced the closure of its Caledonian Brewery which contract-brewed draught McEwan's in Edinburgh. It said its own Scottish brands would be contract-brewed by Greene King's Belhaven Brewery. There was no announcement on where McEwan's draught would be brewed.^[50]

Current product range[edit]

McEwan's 60/- (3.2 per cent ABV): A beer style known in Scotland as "Light", this dark coloured beer is similar to an English mild ale.
McEwan's Best Scotch (3.6 per cent ABV): A beer that shares style characteristics with both mild and bitter.^[51] It sells 23,000 hectolitres annually.^[51] Sales are concentrated in the Tyneside region, and the beer is not found in Scotland.^[52] Production was moved from the Tyne Brewery in Newcastle upon Tyne to the Federation Brewery in Gateshead in 2005. The Federation Brewery was closed in 2010, and production of McEwan's Best Scotch was contracted to the Burtonwood Brewery, between Warrington and St Helens, until it moved to Bedford following the Wells & Young's takeover.
McEwan's 70/- (3.7 per cent ABV): Shares many characteristics with an English session bitter.
McEwan's 80/- (4.2 per cent ABV): A Heavy, which until 2000 was brewed to 4.5 per cent ABV.^[53]
McEwan's Export (4.5 per cent ABV^[54]): The second highest selling canned premium ale in the UK.^[55] In cans, it sold over 30,000 hectolitres in 2012.^[55] In Scotland it accounts for 83 per cent of the canned premium ale market.^[56] Sometimes sold as McEwan's India Pale Ale in overseas markets.
McEwan's Champion Ale (7.3 per cent ABV): A Burton or Edinburgh ale, a style known locally as "Wee Heavy". Available across the United Kingdom in 500ml bottles, it is one of the top twenty highest selling bottled ales, selling around 7,000 hectolitres in 2012.^[55] A stronger version is sold as McEwan's Scotch Ale in export markets.^[57]^[a]
McEwan's Lager (3.6 per cent ABV)
McEwan's Red (3.6 per cent ABV): An ale with a reddish tinge introduced in 2013.^[1]

Advertising[edit]

McEwan's Scotch Ale (export), with a label used until 2010

Throughout the Victorian period, and into the twentieth century, McEwan's drew heavily from imagery of the British Empire in its branding. The Laughing Cavalier mascot was introduced to the McEwan's brand in the 1930s. Based on the well-known Frans Hals painting,^[58] it has been used extensively in advertisements and branding ever since. During the 1960s, and 1970s, McEwan's was advertised as "The best buy in beer".

From the 1970s until the early 1990s McEwan's Best Scotch was marketed in the North East of England as "The one you've got to come back for".^[59]

The "alive and kicking" campaign for McEwan's Lager from 1986 until 1997 saw some of the most memorable and radical television advertisements yet produced at the time.^[60]

Sponsorship[edit]

During the 1980s and 1990s, McEwan's sponsored six football clubs and two rugby league clubs:

Carlisle United – 1982 to 1988 (McEwan's Younger)^[61]
Darlington – 1984 to 1987^[62]
Rangers – 1987 to 1999 (McEwan's Lager)^[63]
Notts County – 1991 to 1994 (away kit only)^[64]
Blackburn Rovers – 1991 to 1995^[65]
St Helens R.F.C. – 1991 to 1999^[66]
Wakefield Trinity Wildcats – 1993 to 1997
Newcastle United – 1991 to 1996 (away kit only)^[67]

References[edit]

^ Historically, various McEwan's products have been sold under the name "McEwan's Scotch Ale'", although most recently this has been an 8 per cent version of Champion Ale.

Citations[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c Wright, Scott (18 April 2013). "McEwan's puts it all on Red with new ale brand". heraldscotland.com. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
^ "Brewer buys McEwan's and Younger's Scottish ales". BBC News. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
^ ^a ^b "How the site of the Fountainbridge brewery is earmarked for an ambitious makeover". The Scotsman. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
^ Dallas, John; MCMaster, Charles (1993). The beer drinker's companion: facts, fables and folklore from the world of beer. Edinburgh Publishing Company. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-874201-14-4. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Pubs raise a glass to the revival of McEwan's Lager". The Scotsman. 17 April 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Evans, Sian (17 September 2013). Mrs Ronnie: The Society Hostess Who Collected Kings. Anova Books. ISBN 978-1-909881-00-6.
^ "Letters reveal brewer McEwan was a 'spy'". Scotsman.com. 28 September 2003. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Donnachie, Ian (2004). "McEwan, William (1827–1913)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50416. Retrieved 11 April 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ University of Edinburgh Journal. 2005. p. 214. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
^ "Free can of 80/- for every reader". Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland). 28 November 1997. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
^ The blog of a published beer historian. Pattison, Ron (8 October 2011). "Classic Horst". Shut Up About Barclay Perkins. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
^ Murral, Sandy (17 February 2004). "Years of brewing history ending". BBC News. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
^ "Records of William McEwan & Co Ltd, brewers, Edinburgh, Scotland". University of Glasgow. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^ Gourvish, Terry; Wilson, Richard G. (1 September 2003). The Dynamics of the Modern Brewing Industry. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-203-44069-8. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hornsey, Ian Spencer (2003). A History of Beer and Brewing. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 687. ISBN 978-0-85404-630-0.
^ "McEwan's Cone Top Cans". Brewers' Guardian. October 1954. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
^ "All ale the retiring hero". scotsman.com. 14 December 2001. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
^ Jones, Geoffrey (2000). Merchants to Multinationals: British Trading Companies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Oxford University Press. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-19-829450-4.
^ "Records of McEwan–Younger, export, naval and military trade, Edinburgh, Scotland". University of Glasgow. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^ "Charles Younger". The Times. 12 June 1995.
^ Keir, D (1966). The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: The City of Edinburgh. Collins. p. 630.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Balfour, P. E. G. (2004). "Younger, Sir William McEwan, of Fountainbridge, baronet (1905–1992)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/51204. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c Brewing Review. Brewing Publications. 1969. p. 521. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
^ Pearson, Lynn F. British Breweries: An Architectural History. p. 134.
^ Investors Chronicle. Investors Chronicle and Stock Exchange Gazette. 1973. p. 470. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
^ Investors Chronicle. Investors Chronicle and Stock Exchange Gazette. 1975. p. 30. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
^ Blair, Kay (8 May 1996). "McEwan's will score with cup success". The Scotsman.
^ Impact. M.R. Shanken. March 1989. p. 96. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
^ "Scottish courage". Brand Strategy. 21 May 1999.
^ "Scottish Courage rolls out flagship McEwan's brand". Marketing Magazine. 13 April 2000.
^ "Greene King captures Belhaven for £187m". The Guardian. 23 August 2005.
^ Wheeler, Brian (16 October 2003). "Business | The death of cheap lager". BBC News. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
^ Leopold, John; Harris, Lynette (2009). The Strategic Managing of Human Resources (2nd ed.). Financial Times/ Prentice Hall. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-273-71386-9.
^ "Last orders for famed Edinburgh brewery". The Scotsman. 3 June 2005. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
^ "Only the faintest whiff of city's beer tradition left". The Times. 18 February 2004. p. 4.
^ "Total Cask Brochure, June 2011" (PDF). Waverley TBS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
^ "Wells & Young's Scottish ales". Morning Advertiser. 29 March 2012.
^ "McEwan's Lager set for Edinburgh pubs comeback". Daily Record. 18 April 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
^ "Cheers! McEwan's and Younger's set for new 'lease of life' after sale". The Scotsman. 5 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
^ "Scottish beer deal puts Wells and Young's into the top three". Bedford Today. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
^ Sharp, Tim (5 October 2011). "Export hopes brew for premium beer brands". Herald Scotland. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
^ "Brewer buys McEwan's and Younger's Scottish ales". BBC News. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Wells & Young's boosts premium ale category with McEwan's". TalkingRetail.com. 23 April 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
^ ^a ^b Stiff, Peter; Walsh, Dominic (5 October 2011). "Taste for Scots ales lifts Wells and Young's into top three". thetimes.co.uk. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
^ Euromonitor 2011, 47.9mn litres in 2001 to 17.6mn litres in 2010.
^ "McEwan's goes for Gold". Morning Advertiser. 12 July 2012. p. 24.
^ ^a ^b Ranscombe, Peter (18 April 2013). "Wells 'rejuvenates' McEwan's". scotsman.com. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
^ "Charles Wells' Bedford brewery sells to Marston's for £55m". BBC News. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
^ "Brewers Carlsberg UK and Marston's announce merger". The Guardian. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
^ "Edinburgh's historic Caledonian Brewery to close after 153 years". BBC News. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Our Beers". McEwan's. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
^ "The Parties" (PDF). Elders IXL Ltd. and Scottish & Newcastle Breweries plc; A Report on the Merger Situations. The Monopolies and Mergers Commission. pp. 18–36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
^ "McEwan's is a few shillings short of the full 80/-". Scottish Daily Record & Sunday. Free Online Library. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
^ "Age Gate". McEwans. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Premium Bottled Ale Report 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
^ "New price mark pack for McEwan's". TalkingRetail.com. 21 September 2012. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
^ Cornell, Martyn (8 October 2007). "Come-back for the Burtons". Zythophile.wordpress.com. Retrieved 7 May 2011. (blog of a noted beer historian)
^ "In Pictures: Scottish Brewing Archive". BBC News. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
^ Marketing. 1978. p. 71. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
^ Blair, Kay (26 February 1997). "McEwan's guns for rival with friendly campaign". The Scotsman.
^ "Carlisle United". Historicalkits.co.uk. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
^ "Darlington". Historicalkits.co.uk. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
^ "Rangers". Historicalkits.co.uk. 2 January 1939. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
^ "Notts County". Historicalkits.co.uk. 10 February 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
^ "Blackburn Rovers". Historicalkits.co.uk. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
^ "General Pages and Shirt Tales". saints.org.uk. Saints Heritage Society. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
^ "Newcastle United Change Kits". Historicalkits.co.uk. 27 January 1951. Retrieved 7 May 2011.

[58] Historically, various McEwan's products have been sold under the name "McEwan's Scotch Ale'", although most recently this has been an 8 per cent version of Champion Ale.

[autogenerated7-1] Wright, Scott (18 April 2013). "McEwan's puts it all on Red with new ale brand". heraldscotland.com. Retrieved 18 April 2013.

[2] "Brewer buys McEwan's and Younger's Scottish ales". BBC News. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2012.

[autogenerated5-3] "How the site of the Fountainbridge brewery is earmarked for an ambitious makeover". The Scotsman. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2013.

[DallasMcMaster1993-4] Dallas, John; MCMaster, Charles (1993). The beer drinker's companion: facts, fables and folklore from the world of beer. Edinburgh Publishing Company. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-874201-14-4. Retrieved 18 April 2013.

[autogenerated2-5] "Pubs raise a glass to the revival of McEwan's Lager". The Scotsman. 17 April 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

[Evans2013-6] Evans, Sian (17 September 2013). Mrs Ronnie: The Society Hostess Who Collected Kings. Anova Books. ISBN 978-1-909881-00-6.

[7] "Letters reveal brewer McEwan was a 'spy'". Scotsman.com. 28 September 2003. Retrieved 17 October 2012.

[oxforddnb1913-8] Donnachie, Ian (2004). "McEwan, William (1827–1913)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50416. Retrieved 11 April 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[University_of_Edinburgh_Journal-9] University of Edinburgh Journal. 2005. p. 214. Retrieved 21 March 2013.

[10] "Free can of 80/- for every reader". Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland). 28 November 1997. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

[11] The blog of a published beer historian. Pattison, Ron (8 October 2011). "Classic Horst". Shut Up About Barclay Perkins. Retrieved 19 April 2013.

[12] Murral, Sandy (17 February 2004). "Years of brewing history ending". BBC News. Retrieved 7 May 2011.

[13] "Records of William McEwan & Co Ltd, brewers, Edinburgh, Scotland". University of Glasgow. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2012.

[GourvishWilson2003-14] Gourvish, Terry; Wilson, Richard G. (1 September 2003). The Dynamics of the Modern Brewing Industry. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-203-44069-8. Retrieved 6 March 2013.

[autogenerated687-15] Hornsey, Ian Spencer (2003). A History of Beer and Brewing. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 687. ISBN 978-0-85404-630-0.

[16] "McEwan's Cone Top Cans". Brewers' Guardian. October 1954. Retrieved 17 October 2012.

[17] "All ale the retiring hero". scotsman.com. 14 December 2001. Retrieved 17 October 2012.

[Jones2000-18] Jones, Geoffrey (2000). Merchants to Multinationals: British Trading Companies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Oxford University Press. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-19-829450-4.

[19] "Records of McEwan–Younger, export, naval and military trade, Edinburgh, Scotland". University of Glasgow. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.

[20] "Charles Younger". The Times. 12 June 1995.

[Keir-21] Keir, D (1966). The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: The City of Edinburgh. Collins. p. 630.

[autogenerated9-22] Balfour, P. E. G. (2004). "Younger, Sir William McEwan, of Fountainbridge, baronet (1905–1992)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/51204. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

[Brewing_Review-23] Brewing Review. Brewing Publications. 1969. p. 521. Retrieved 21 March 2013.

[24] Pearson, Lynn F. British Breweries: An Architectural History. p. 134.

[Investors_Chronicle-25] Investors Chronicle. Investors Chronicle and Stock Exchange Gazette. 1973. p. 470. Retrieved 21 March 2013.

[autogenerated6-26] Investors Chronicle. Investors Chronicle and Stock Exchange Gazette. 1975. p. 30. Retrieved 21 March 2013.

[27] Blair, Kay (8 May 1996). "McEwan's will score with cup success". The Scotsman.

[Impact-28] Impact. M.R. Shanken. March 1989. p. 96. Retrieved 21 March 2013.

[29] "Scottish courage". Brand Strategy. 21 May 1999.

[30] "Scottish Courage rolls out flagship McEwan's brand". Marketing Magazine. 13 April 2000.

[31] "Greene King captures Belhaven for £187m". The Guardian. 23 August 2005.

[32] Wheeler, Brian (16 October 2003). "Business | The death of cheap lager". BBC News. Retrieved 20 May 2012.

[33] Leopold, John; Harris, Lynette (2009). The Strategic Managing of Human Resources (2nd ed.). Financial Times/ Prentice Hall. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-273-71386-9.

[Last_orders_for_famed_Edinburgh_brewery-34] "Last orders for famed Edinburgh brewery". The Scotsman. 3 June 2005. Retrieved 11 March 2007.

[35] "Only the faintest whiff of city's beer tradition left". The Times. 18 February 2004. p. 4.

[36] "Total Cask Brochure, June 2011" (PDF). Waverley TBS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.

[37] "Wells & Young's Scottish ales". Morning Advertiser. 29 March 2012.

[38] "McEwan's Lager set for Edinburgh pubs comeback". Daily Record. 18 April 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2012.

[39] "Cheers! McEwan's and Younger's set for new 'lease of life' after sale". The Scotsman. 5 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2012.

[40] "Scottish beer deal puts Wells and Young's into the top three". Bedford Today. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2012.

[41] Sharp, Tim (5 October 2011). "Export hopes brew for premium beer brands". Herald Scotland. Retrieved 22 August 2012.

[42] "Brewer buys McEwan's and Younger's Scottish ales". BBC News. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2012.

[autogenerated3-43] "Wells & Young's boosts premium ale category with McEwan's". TalkingRetail.com. 23 April 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.

[autogenerated1-44] Stiff, Peter; Walsh, Dominic (5 October 2011). "Taste for Scots ales lifts Wells and Young's into top three". thetimes.co.uk. Retrieved 17 October 2012.

[45] Euromonitor 2011, 47.9mn litres in 2001 to 17.6mn litres in 2010.

[46] "McEwan's goes for Gold". Morning Advertiser. 12 July 2012. p. 24.

[autogenerated10-47] Ranscombe, Peter (18 April 2013). "Wells 'rejuvenates' McEwan's". scotsman.com. Retrieved 18 April 2013.

[48] "Charles Wells' Bedford brewery sells to Marston's for £55m". BBC News. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2018.

[49] "Brewers Carlsberg UK and Marston's announce merger". The Guardian. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2022.

[50] "Edinburgh's historic Caledonian Brewery to close after 153 years". BBC News. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.

[autogenerated8-51] "Our Beers". McEwan's. Retrieved 18 April 2013.

[52] "The Parties" (PDF). Elders IXL Ltd. and Scottish & Newcastle Breweries plc; A Report on the Merger Situations. The Monopolies and Mergers Commission. pp. 18–36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.

[53] "McEwan's is a few shillings short of the full 80/-". Scottish Daily Record & Sunday. Free Online Library. Retrieved 17 October 2012.

[54] "Age Gate". McEwans. Retrieved 8 October 2018.

[marstons1-55] "Premium Bottled Ale Report 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2013.

[56] "New price mark pack for McEwan's". TalkingRetail.com. 21 September 2012. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.

[57] Cornell, Martyn (8 October 2007). "Come-back for the Burtons". Zythophile.wordpress.com. Retrieved 7 May 2011. (blog of a noted beer historian)

[59] "In Pictures: Scottish Brewing Archive". BBC News. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2012.

[Marketing-60] Marketing. 1978. p. 71. Retrieved 17 October 2012.

[61] Blair, Kay (26 February 1997). "McEwan's guns for rival with friendly campaign". The Scotsman.

[62] "Carlisle United". Historicalkits.co.uk. Retrieved 7 May 2011.

[63] "Darlington". Historicalkits.co.uk. Retrieved 7 May 2011.

[64] "Rangers". Historicalkits.co.uk. 2 January 1939. Retrieved 7 May 2011.

[65] "Notts County". Historicalkits.co.uk. 10 February 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2011.

[66] "Blackburn Rovers". Historicalkits.co.uk. Retrieved 7 May 2011.

[Saints_Heritage_Society-67] "General Pages and Shirt Tales". saints.org.uk. Saints Heritage Society. Retrieved 20 October 2010.

[68] "Newcastle United Change Kits". Historicalkits.co.uk. 27 January 1951. Retrieved 7 May 2011.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[a]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Scottish beer brand}}
+{{for|the Scottish department store|McEwens}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
 {{Infobox company
@@ Line 16: / Line 18: @@
 | industry         = [[Alcoholic drink]]
 | products         = [[Beer]]
-| production       = 100,000 [[hectolitres]] (2012)<ref name=autogenerated7>{{cite news|last=Wright|first=Scott|title=McEwan's puts it all on Red with new ale brand|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/business/company-news/mcewans-puts-it-all-on-red-with-new-ale-brand.20831314|accessdate=18 April 2013|newspaper=heraldscotland.com|date=18 April 2013}}</ref>
+| production       = 100,000 [[hectolitres]] (2012)<ref name=autogenerated7>{{cite news|last=Wright|first=Scott|title=McEwan's puts it all on Red with new ale brand|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/business/company-news/mcewans-puts-it-all-on-red-with-new-ale-brand.20831314|access-date=18 April 2013|newspaper=heraldscotland.com|date=18 April 2013}}</ref>
 | revenue          =
-| owner            = [[Marston's Brewery]]
+| owner            = Carlsberg Marston's Brewing Company
 | num_employees    =
 | parent           =
@@ Line 27: / Line 29: @@
 }}
-'''McEwan's''' is a brand of beer owned by [[Marston's Brewery]]. It was originally brewed by [[William McEwan]]'s Fountain Brewery in [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]]. The McEwan's brand passed to [[Heineken]] in 2008 after their purchase of [[Scottish & Newcastle]]'s British operations. Heineken sold the brand to [[Wells & Young's]] in 2011, who sold their brewing operation, including the McEwan brand to [[Marston's Brewery|Marston's]] in 2017. Cans and bottles are now brewed in [[Bedford]], England.
+'''McEwan's''' is a brand of beer owned by Carlsberg Marston's Brewing Company. It was originally brewed by [[William McEwan]]'s Fountain Brewery in [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]]. The McEwan's brand passed to [[Heineken]] in 2008 after their purchase of [[Scottish & Newcastle]]'s British operations. Heineken sold the brand to [[Wells & Young's]] in 2011, who sold their brewing operation, including the McEwan brand to [[Marston's Brewery|Marston's]] in 2017. Cans and bottles are now brewed in [[Bedford]], England.
 ==History==
-[[William McEwan]] opened the Fountain Brewery in [[Fountainbridge]], Edinburgh, in 1856. The firm underwent several mergers in the following century, including with local rival [[William Younger (brewery)|William Younger's]], and later with Newcastle Breweries to form [[Scottish & Newcastle]]. Its popular brands included 80/-, a [[Scottish beer#Shilling categories|Heavy beer]], and Export, an [[India Pale Ale]]. All of the draught beers (except Best Scotch) were brewed at the [[Caledonian Brewery]] in Edinburgh, whilst the canned and bottled beers were produced at the Eagle Brewery in [[Bedford]], England.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brewer buys McEwan's and Younger's Scottish ales |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-15167251 |accessdate=13 October 2012 |newspaper=BBC News |date=4 October 2011}}</ref> The beers are sold predominantly in Scotland and the North East of England.
+[[William McEwan]] opened the Fountain Brewery in [[Fountainbridge]], Edinburgh, in 1856. The firm underwent several mergers in the following century, including with local rival [[William Younger (brewery)|William Younger's]], and later with Newcastle Breweries to form [[Scottish & Newcastle]]. Its popular brands included 80/-, a [[Scottish beer#Shilling categories|Heavy beer]], and Export, an [[India Pale Ale]]. All of the draught beers (except Best Scotch) were brewed at the [[Caledonian Brewery]] in Edinburgh, whilst the canned and bottled beers were produced at the Eagle Brewery in [[Bedford]], England.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brewer buys McEwan's and Younger's Scottish ales |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-15167251 |access-date=13 October 2012 |newspaper=BBC News |date=4 October 2011}}</ref> The beers are sold predominantly in Scotland and the North East of England.
-Despite being the dominant presence in Scottish brewing for around a century, the McEwan's brands were neglected by Scottish & Newcastle, who concentrated on their global brands. The McEwan's ales were eclipsed by [[John Smith's Brewery|John Smith's]] Bitter and [[Belhaven Best]] and [[cask ale|cask-conditioned]] beers such as [[Deuchars IPA]], whilst the lager fell behind [[Tennent's]].
+Despite being the dominant presence in Scottish brewing for around a century, the McEwan's brands were neglected by Scottish & Newcastle, who concentrated on their global brands.{{fact|date=March 2024}} The McEwan's ales were eclipsed by [[John Smith's Brewery|John Smith's]] Bitter and [[Belhaven Best]] and [[cask ale|cask-conditioned]] beers such as [[Deuchars IPA]], whilst the lager fell behind [[Tennent's]].
-McEwan's was well known for its cavalier mascot, broadly based on the [[Frans Hals]] painting, the ''[[Laughing Cavalier]]'' portrait, which has been used since the 1930s. The company was a well known sponsor of numerous [[association football|football]] teams throughout the 1980s and 1990s, most notably [[Rangers F.C]] who were the prominent Scottish side at the time, and [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers']] [[Premier League]] title winning side.
+McEwan's used a cavalier mascot, broadly based on the [[Frans Hals]] painting, the ''[[Laughing Cavalier]]'' portrait{{fact|date=March 2024}}, which has been used since the 1930s.{{fact|date=March 2024}} The company was a sponsor of [[association football|football]] teams in the 1980s and 1990s, including [[Rangers F.C]] and [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]].
-The McEwan's brand passed to [[Heineken]] in 2008 after their purchase of Scottish & Newcastle's British operations. Heineken sold the brand to Wells & Young's in 2011. In May 2017, Charles Wells Ltd sold its brewing business (including McEwan's) to Marston's.
+The McEwan's brand passed to [[Heineken]] in 2008 after their purchase of Scottish & Newcastle's British operations. Heineken sold the brand to Wells & Young's in 2011. In May 2017, Charles Wells Ltd sold its brewing business (including McEwan's) to Marston's.{{fact|date=March 2024}}
 ===Victorian beginnings===
 [[File:McEwan's Beer advert 1906.JPG|thumb|upright|McEwan's advert from 1906]]
-William McEwan opened the Fountain Brewery in Fountainbridge, then a suburb on the outskirts of Edinburgh, in 1856, using £2,000 loaned by his mother and his uncle.<ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite news|title=How the site of the Fountainbridge brewery is earmarked for an ambitious makeover|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/how-the-site-of-the-fountainbridge-brewery-is-earmarked-for-an-ambitious-makeover-1-819915|accessdate=13 March 2013|newspaper=The Scotsman|date=3 March 2010}}</ref> The area and the brewery are named after the spring waters from the vicinity, which, in addition to its proximity to the [[Caledonian Railway|Caledonian railway]] line and the [[Union Canal (Scotland)|Union Canal]], determined the location of the brewery.<ref name="DallasMcMaster1993">{{cite book |last1=Dallas |first1=John |last2=MCMaster |first2=Charles |title=The beer drinker's companion: facts, fables and folklore from the world of beer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OkNNdZBo_dAC |year=1993 |publisher=Edinburgh Publishing Company |isbn=978-1-874201-14-4 |page=83 |accessdate=18 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite news |title=Pubs raise a glass to the revival of McEwan's Lager |url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/scottish-news/top-stories/pubs-raise-a-glass-to-the-revival-of-mcewan-s-lager-1-1203742 |newspaper=The Scotsman |date=17 April 2009 |accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref> McEwan had employed geologists to identify the prime location for a supply of well water.<ref name="Evans2013">{{cite book|last=Evans|first=Sian|title=Mrs Ronnie: The Society Hostess Who Collected Kings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6q-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT21|date=17 September 2013|publisher=Anova Books|isbn=978-1-909881-00-6}}</ref> Beforehand, McEwan had engaged in [[industrial espionage]] at [[Bass Brewery|Bass]] and [[Samuel Allsopp & Sons|Allsopp]]'s breweries in order to learn techniques and assay costs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Letters reveal brewer McEwan was a 'spy'|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/scottish-news/top-stories/letters-reveal-brewer-mcewan-was-a-spy-1-1294351|accessdate=17 October 2012|newspaper=Scotsman.com|date=28 September 2003}}</ref> After establishing a market share in the industrial regions of the [[Scottish lowlands]], from the early-1860s, McEwan built up a successful colonial export trade by exploiting his family's shipowning connections.<ref name="oxforddnb1913">{{cite book |last=Donnachie |first=Ian |contribution=McEwan, William (1827–1913) |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |edition=online |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/50416 |accessdate=11 April 2012}} {{ODNBsub}}</ref> It was during this time that McEwan's [[India Pale Ale]], the beer that was the foundation for much of the company's reputation, was first labelled Export.<ref name="oxforddnb1913" />
+William McEwan opened the Fountain Brewery in Fountainbridge, then a suburb on the outskirts of Edinburgh, in 1856, using £2,000 loaned by his mother and his uncle.<ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite news|title=How the site of the Fountainbridge brewery is earmarked for an ambitious makeover|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/how-the-site-of-the-fountainbridge-brewery-is-earmarked-for-an-ambitious-makeover-1-819915|access-date=13 March 2013|newspaper=The Scotsman|date=3 March 2010}}</ref> The area and the brewery are named after the spring waters from the vicinity, which, in addition to its proximity to the [[Caledonian Railway|Caledonian railway]] line and the [[Union Canal (Scotland)|Union Canal]], determined the location of the brewery.<ref name="DallasMcMaster1993">{{cite book |last1=Dallas |first1=John |last2=MCMaster |first2=Charles |title=The beer drinker's companion: facts, fables and folklore from the world of beer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OkNNdZBo_dAC |year=1993 |publisher=Edinburgh Publishing Company |isbn=978-1-874201-14-4 |page=83 |access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite news |title=Pubs raise a glass to the revival of McEwan's Lager |url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/scottish-news/top-stories/pubs-raise-a-glass-to-the-revival-of-mcewan-s-lager-1-1203742 |newspaper=The Scotsman |date=17 April 2009 |access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref> McEwan had employed geologists to identify the prime location for a supply of well water.<ref name="Evans2013">{{cite book|last=Evans|first=Sian|title=Mrs Ronnie: The Society Hostess Who Collected Kings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6q-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT21|date=17 September 2013|publisher=Anova Books|isbn=978-1-909881-00-6}}</ref> Beforehand, McEwan had engaged in [[industrial espionage]] at [[Bass Brewery|Bass]] and [[Samuel Allsopp & Sons|Allsopp]]'s breweries in order to learn techniques and assay costs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Letters reveal brewer McEwan was a 'spy'|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/scottish-news/top-stories/letters-reveal-brewer-mcewan-was-a-spy-1-1294351|access-date=17 October 2012|newspaper=Scotsman.com|date=28 September 2003}}</ref> After establishing a market share in the industrial regions of the [[Scottish lowlands]], from the early 1860s, McEwan built up a successful colonial export trade by exploiting his family's shipowning connections.<ref name="oxforddnb1913">{{cite ODNB |last=Donnachie |first=Ian |contribution=McEwan, William (1827–1913) |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/50416 |edition=online |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/50416 |access-date=11 April 2012}} </ref> It was during this time that McEwan's [[India Pale Ale]], the beer that was the foundation for much of the company's reputation, was first labelled Export.<ref name="oxforddnb1913" />
-By the 1870s, McEwan's brewery employed 170 men and boys, and its beers were widely available in England.<ref name="Evans2013" /><ref name="University of Edinburgh Journal">{{cite book|title=University of Edinburgh Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Li0nAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=21 March 2013|year=2005|page=214}}</ref> By 1880, the brewery site covered 12 acres.<ref name="Evans2013" /> McEwan's 80/-,  a Heavy beer, was first brewed in the late nineteenth century; the [[shilling]] "/-" denotion refers to the wholesale price for a [[hogshead]] of the beer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Free can of 80/- for every reader |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/FREE+CAN+OF+80%2f+FOR+EVERY+READER.-a060994718 |newspaper=Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland) |date=28 November 1997 |accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref><ref>The blog of a published beer historian. {{cite web|last=Pattison|first=Ron|title=Classic Horst|url=http://barclayperkins.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/classic-horst.html|publisher=Shut Up About Barclay Perkins|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> In 1886, as he prepared to enter Parliament, William McEwan appointed his nephew, William Younger, as managing director of the brewery.<ref name="Evans2013" /> When the company was [[registered company|registered]] in 1889, it was worth £408,000 and had [[financial capital|capital]] of £1 million; and was the largest brewery in the United Kingdom under a single owner.<ref name="oxforddnb1913"/> By the turn of the twentieth century the company had a large share of the market throughout Scotland, a 90% share of the [[Tyneside]] market, and was exporting to Scottish [[expatriates]] across the [[British Empire]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Murral |first=Sandy |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3495417.stm |title=Years of brewing history ending |publisher=BBC News |date=17 February 2004 |accessdate=7 May 2011}}</ref> At its peak, the brewery was producing two million [[barrel (unit)|barrels]] of beer a year; much of it for export.<ref name="oxforddnb1913" />
+By the 1870s, McEwan's brewery employed 170 men and boys, and its beers were widely available in England.<ref name="Evans2013" /><ref name="University of Edinburgh Journal">{{cite book|title=University of Edinburgh Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Li0nAQAAIAAJ|access-date=21 March 2013|year=2005|page=214}}</ref> By 1880, the brewery site covered 12 acres.<ref name="Evans2013" /> McEwan's 80/-,  a Heavy beer, was first brewed in the late nineteenth century; the [[shilling]] "/-" denotion refers to the wholesale price for a [[hogshead]] of the beer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Free can of 80/- for every reader |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/FREE+CAN+OF+80%2f+FOR+EVERY+READER.-a060994718 |newspaper=Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland) |date=28 November 1997 |access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref><ref>The blog of a published beer historian. {{cite web|last=Pattison|first=Ron|title=Classic Horst|date=8 October 2011 |url=http://barclayperkins.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/classic-horst.html|publisher=Shut Up About Barclay Perkins|access-date=19 April 2013}}</ref> In 1886, as he prepared to enter Parliament, William McEwan appointed his nephew, William Younger, as managing director of the brewery.<ref name="Evans2013" /> When the company was [[registered company|registered]] in 1889, it was worth £408,000 and had [[financial capital|capital]] of £1 million; and was the largest brewery in the United Kingdom under a single owner.<ref name="oxforddnb1913"/> By the turn of the twentieth century the company had a large share of the market throughout Scotland, a 90% share of the [[Tyneside]] market, and was exporting to Scottish [[expatriates]] across the [[British Empire]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Murral |first=Sandy |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3495417.stm |title=Years of brewing history ending |publisher=BBC News |date=17 February 2004 |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref> At its peak, the brewery was producing two million [[barrel (unit)|barrels]] of beer a year, much of it for export.<ref name="oxforddnb1913" />
 ===Twentieth-century mergers===
 [[File:Albert Hotel pub sign, North Queensferry.JPG|thumb|left|A ''McEwan's Cavalier'' pub sign]]
-In 1907, McEwan's acquired the trade and [[Goodwill (accounting)|goodwill]] of Alexander Melvin & Co of central Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Records of William McEwan & Co Ltd, brewers, Edinburgh, Scotland |url=http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/mcewans.html |publisher= University of Glasgow |accessdate=14 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111222184123/http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/mcewans.html |archive-date=22 December 2011  }}</ref> By 1914, McEwan's bottled beers were distributed across the United Kingdom.<ref name="GourvishWilson2003">{{cite book| first1= Terry| last1= Gourvish| first2= Richard G.| last2= Wilson|title=The Dynamics of the Modern Brewing Industry |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NQcVEwe0qVIC&pg=PA145 |accessdate=6 March 2013|date=1 September 2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-44069-8 |page= 102}}</ref> In December 1930, McEwan's merged with Edinburgh rival William Younger's Brewery to form Scottish Brewers in a defensive move after the [[Great Depression]] diminished revenues.<ref name="autogenerated687">{{cite book |last=Hornsey |first=Ian Spencer |title=A History of Beer and Brewing |url=https://archive.org/details/historybeerbrewi00horn |url-access=limited |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |year=2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historybeerbrewi00horn/page/n704 687] |isbn=978-0-85404-630-0}}</ref> Each entity was initially run separately, and only certain financial and technological resources were amalgamated.<ref name="autogenerated687"/> During this period, the company became an early pioneer of [[keg beer|container beer]], largely due to its dependence on exports, particularly to the [[Royal Navy]], where beer might be stored onboard ships for up to a year.<ref name>{{cite news| title= McEwan's Cone Top Cans |url= http://www.cannyscot.com/ConeTop.htm |accessdate= 17 October 2012| work= Brewers' Guardian |date=October 1954}}</ref> The [[NAAFI]] continued to be an important McEwan's customer throughout the century.<ref>{{cite news |title=All ale the retiring hero |url= http://www.scotsman.com/business/all-ale-the-retiring-hero-1-936190 |accessdate= 17 October 2012| work= scotsman.com |date=14 December 2001}}</ref> In the early-1930s, [[Jardine Matheson]] approached the company regarding a potential brewing venture in [[Republic of China (1912-1949)|China]], but McEwan's did not welcome the threat to their export business.<ref name="Jones2000">{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Geoffrey|title=Merchants to Multinationals: British Trading Companies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q-uCPTZMDmQC| year= 2000 |publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-829450-4|page=312}}</ref>
+In 1907, McEwan's acquired the trade and [[Goodwill (accounting)|goodwill]] of Alexander Melvin & Co of central Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Records of William McEwan & Co Ltd, brewers, Edinburgh, Scotland |url=http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/mcewans.html |publisher= University of Glasgow |access-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111222184123/http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/mcewans.html |archive-date=22 December 2011  }}</ref> By 1914, McEwan's bottled beers were distributed across the United Kingdom.<ref name="GourvishWilson2003">{{cite book| first1= Terry| last1= Gourvish| first2= Richard G.| last2= Wilson|title=The Dynamics of the Modern Brewing Industry |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NQcVEwe0qVIC&pg=PA145 |access-date=6 March 2013|date=1 September 2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-44069-8 |page= 102}}</ref> In December 1930, McEwan's merged with Edinburgh rival William Younger's Brewery to form Scottish Brewers in a defensive move after the [[Great Depression]] diminished revenues.<ref name="autogenerated687">{{cite book |last=Hornsey |first=Ian Spencer |title=A History of Beer and Brewing |url=https://archive.org/details/historybeerbrewi00horn |url-access=limited |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |year=2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historybeerbrewi00horn/page/n704 687] |isbn=978-0-85404-630-0}}</ref> Each entity was initially run separately, and only certain financial and technological resources were amalgamated.<ref name="autogenerated687"/> During this period, the company became an early pioneer of [[keg beer|container beer]], largely due to its dependence on exports, particularly to the [[Royal Navy]], where beer might be stored on board ships for up to a year.<ref>{{cite news| title= McEwan's Cone Top Cans |url= http://www.cannyscot.com/ConeTop.htm |access-date= 17 October 2012| work= Brewers' Guardian |date=October 1954}}</ref> The [[NAAFI]] continued to be an important McEwan's customer throughout the century.<ref>{{cite news |title=All ale the retiring hero |url= http://www.scotsman.com/business/all-ale-the-retiring-hero-1-936190 |access-date= 17 October 2012| work= scotsman.com |date=14 December 2001}}</ref> In the early-1930s, [[Jardine Matheson]] approached the company regarding a potential brewing venture in [[Republic of China (1912-1949)|China]], but McEwan's did not welcome the threat to their export business.<ref name="Jones2000">{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Geoffrey|title=Merchants to Multinationals: British Trading Companies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q-uCPTZMDmQC| year= 2000 |publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-829450-4|page=312}}</ref>
-The company's export trade declined during and after the Second World War, and as a result, the Abbey Brewery in Edinburgh, previously the Younger's brewery, closed down in 1956 and was converted into offices.<ref>{{cite web |title=Records of McEwan–Younger, export, naval and military trade, Edinburgh, Scotland |url=http://www.archives.gla.ac.uk/sba/sbacolls/my.html |publisher= University of Glasgow |accessdate=14 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131215162041/http://www.archives.gla.ac.uk/sba/sbacolls/my.html |archive-date=15 December 2013  }}</ref> By the 1950s, McEwan's had become the dominant party in the McEwan Younger venture, and a full merger was undertaken in 1959.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charles Younger |newspaper=The Times |date=12 June 1995 }}</ref> Scottish Brewers continued to increase its market share in the brewing sector, doubling its output after a costly five-year programme of expansion and modernisation undertaken between 1958-63.<ref name=Keir>{{cite book| first= D |last= Keir| title= The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: The City of Edinburgh| publisher= Collins| year= 1966| page= 630}}</ref>
+The company's export trade declined during and after the Second World War, and as a result, the Abbey Brewery in Edinburgh, previously the Younger's brewery, closed down in 1956 and was converted into offices.<ref>{{cite web |title=Records of McEwan–Younger, export, naval and military trade, Edinburgh, Scotland |url=http://www.archives.gla.ac.uk/sba/sbacolls/my.html |publisher= University of Glasgow |access-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131215162041/http://www.archives.gla.ac.uk/sba/sbacolls/my.html |archive-date=15 December 2013  }}</ref> By the 1950s, McEwan's had become the dominant party in the McEwan Younger venture, and a full merger was undertaken in 1959.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charles Younger |newspaper=The Times |date=12 June 1995 }}</ref> Scottish Brewers continued to increase its market share in the brewing sector, doubling its output after a costly five-year programme of expansion and modernisation undertaken between 1958-63.<ref name=Keir>{{cite book| first= D |last= Keir| title= The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: The City of Edinburgh| publisher= Collins| year= 1966| page= 630}}</ref>
-The company merged with Newcastle Breweries in 1960, forming Scottish & Newcastle, a group with [[market value]] of £50,000,000.<ref name="autogenerated687"/> [[William McEwan Younger]], the son of William Younger, was the chairman and managing director.<ref name=autogenerated9>{{cite encyclopedia| first= P. E. G. |last= Balfour| title= Younger, Sir William McEwan, of Fountainbridge, baronet (1905–1992)| work= [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]| publisher= Oxford University Press| year= 2004| url= http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/51204| accessdate= 21 March 2014}}</ref> The company dedicated itself to the free trade, and promoted its brands to an extent not previously witnessed in the British brewing industry.<ref name=autogenerated9 /> McEwan's Export became one of the three core brands of the new company, alongside [[Newcastle Brown Ale]] and Younger's Tartan Special. Scottish & Newcastle became the dominant force in brewing across Scotland and the North of England.<ref name=autogenerated9 /> From the 1960s, the company began to style itself MacEwan's in export markets, in order to make pronunciation easier.<ref name="Brewing Review">{{cite book |title= Brewing Review| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pVgEAQAAIAAJ| accessdate= 21 March 2013| year= 1969| publisher=Brewing Publications |page=521}}</ref> The company's McEwan's Strong Ale was the highest gravity beer on general sale throughout the world.<ref name="Brewing Review" /> McEwan's Export was alternatively sold as India Pale Ale or Scotch Ale overseas.<ref name="Brewing Review" /> William McEwan Younger retired in 1970.<ref name=autogenerated9 />
+The company merged with Newcastle Breweries in 1960, forming Scottish & Newcastle, a group with [[market value]] of £50,000,000.<ref name="autogenerated687"/> [[William McEwan Younger]], the son of William Younger, was the chairman and managing director.<ref name=autogenerated9>{{cite encyclopedia| first= P. E. G. |last= Balfour| title= Younger, Sir William McEwan, of Fountainbridge, baronet (1905–1992)| encyclopedia= [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]| publisher= Oxford University Press| year= 2004|doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/51204| url= http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/51204| access-date= 21 March 2014}}</ref> The company dedicated itself to the free trade, and promoted its brands to an extent not previously witnessed in the British brewing industry.<ref name=autogenerated9 /> McEwan's Export became one of the three core brands of the new company, alongside [[Newcastle Brown Ale]] and Younger's Tartan Special. Scottish & Newcastle became the dominant force in brewing across Scotland and the North of England.<ref name=autogenerated9 /> From the 1960s, the company began to style itself MacEwan's in export markets, in order to make pronunciation easier.<ref name="Brewing Review">{{cite book |title= Brewing Review| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pVgEAQAAIAAJ| access-date= 21 March 2013| year= 1969| publisher=Brewing Publications |page=521}}</ref> The company's McEwan's Strong Ale was the highest gravity beer on general sale throughout the world.<ref name="Brewing Review" /> McEwan's Export was alternatively sold as India Pale Ale or Scotch Ale overseas.<ref name="Brewing Review" /> William McEwan Younger retired in 1970.<ref name=autogenerated9 />
 The Fountain Brewery was rebuilt in 1973 and pioneered the use of computer control for the entire brewing process.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pearson |first=Lynn F. |title=British Breweries: An Architectural History |page=134}}</ref> The site had a 2 million barrel capacity, and occupied 22 [[acre]]s on a new site which had formerly been occupied by a [[Hunter Boot Ltd|British Rubber]] mill.<ref name=autogenerated5 /> ''McEwan's Export'' became a nationally distributed beer by the 1970s, and was the best
--selling canned beer in the United Kingdom by 1975.<ref name="Investors Chronicle">{{cite book |title= Investors Chronicle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uz8cAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=21 March 2013|year=1973|publisher=Investors Chronicle and Stock Exchange Gazette|page=470}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated6>{{cite book |title= Investors Chronicle| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FGQcAQAAMAAJ| accessdate= 21 March 2013| year= 1975| publisher= Investors Chronicle and Stock Exchange Gazette|page=30}}</ref> McEwan's Lager was introduced in 1976 as the demand for [[lager]] increased, but it struggled to gain credibility until the "Alive and kicking" campaign was launched in 1986.<ref>{{cite news|last=Blair|first=Kay|title=McEwan's will score with cup success|newspaper=The Scotsman|date=8 May 1996}}</ref> McEwan's Export was launched in the United States in 1989.<ref name="Impact">{{cite book|title=Impact|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sSUtAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=21 March 2013|date=March 1989|publisher=M.R. Shanken|page=96}}</ref> Two bottled ales were launched, McEwan's Champion Ale (7.3%) in 1997 and McEwan's Parliament Ale (5%) in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|title=Scottish courage|newspaper=Brand Strategy|date=21 May 1999}}</ref> In 2000, McEwan's had 13% of the Scottish lager market and around 40% of the Scottish ale market.<ref>{{cite news|title=Scottish Courage rolls out flagship McEwan's brand |newspaper= Marketing Magazine|date=13 April 2000}}</ref> In 2003 ''McEwan's 70/-'' was overtaken by [[Belhaven Brewery|Belhaven Best]] as Scotland's best-selling ale, and McEwan's Lager was discontinued.<ref>{{cite news |title=Greene King captures Belhaven for £187m |newspaper=The Guardian |date=23 August 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wheeler |first=Brian |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3188382.stm |title=Business &#124; The death of cheap lager |publisher=BBC News |date=16 October 2003 |accessdate=20 May 2012}}</ref>
+-selling canned beer in the United Kingdom by 1975.<ref name="Investors Chronicle">{{cite book |title= Investors Chronicle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uz8cAQAAMAAJ|access-date=21 March 2013|year=1973|publisher=Investors Chronicle and Stock Exchange Gazette|page=470}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated6>{{cite book |title= Investors Chronicle| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FGQcAQAAMAAJ| access-date= 21 March 2013| year= 1975| publisher= Investors Chronicle and Stock Exchange Gazette|page=30}}</ref> McEwan's Lager was introduced in 1976 as the demand for [[lager]] increased, but it struggled to gain credibility until the "Alive and kicking" campaign was launched in 1986.<ref>{{cite news|last=Blair|first=Kay|title=McEwan's will score with cup success|newspaper=The Scotsman|date=8 May 1996}}</ref> McEwan's Export was launched in the United States in 1989.<ref name="Impact">{{cite book|title=Impact|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sSUtAQAAMAAJ|access-date=21 March 2013|date=March 1989|publisher=M.R. Shanken|page=96}}</ref> Two bottled ales were launched, McEwan's Champion Ale (7.3%) in 1997 and McEwan's Parliament Ale (5%) in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|title=Scottish courage|newspaper=Brand Strategy|date=21 May 1999}}</ref> In 2000, McEwan's had 13% of the Scottish lager market and around 40% of the Scottish ale market.<ref>{{cite news|title=Scottish Courage rolls out flagship McEwan's brand |newspaper= Marketing Magazine|date=13 April 2000}}</ref> In 2003 ''McEwan's 70/-'' was overtaken by [[Belhaven Brewery|Belhaven Best]] as Scotland's best-selling ale, and McEwan's Lager was discontinued.<ref>{{cite news |title=Greene King captures Belhaven for £187m |newspaper=The Guardian |date=23 August 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wheeler |first=Brian |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3188382.stm |title=Business &#124; The death of cheap lager |publisher=BBC News |date=16 October 2003 |access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref>
 ===Closure of the Fountain Brewery===
 [[File:Fountain Brewery, Edinburgh, 1.jpg|thumb|The Fountain Brewery Bottling Plant, demolished in 2011]]
-In February 2004, Scottish & Newcastle announced the closure of the Fountain Brewery. Production costs at Fountainbridge had become twice as high as those at the company's lowest-cost brewery in [[Tadcaster]], North Yorkshire.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leopold |first1=John |last2=Harris |first2=Lynette |title=The Strategic Managing of Human Resources |year=2009 |publisher=Financial Times/ Prentice Hall |edition=2nd |page=255 |isbn=978-0-273-71386-9}}</ref> It closed in June 2005, with the loss of 170 jobs.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> Production of McEwan's draught beers was transferred to the Caledonian Brewery with cans of ''McEwan's Export'' being produced at John Smith's Brewery in Tadcaster.<ref name="Last orders for famed Edinburgh brewery">{{cite news |date=3 June 2005 |url=http://heritage.scotsman.com/ingenuity.cfm?id=609522005 |title=Last orders for famed Edinburgh brewery |newspaper=The Scotsman |accessdate=11 March 2007}}</ref> The McEwan's and Younger's brands added around 50,000 barrels to the production of the Caledonian.<ref>{{cite news |title=Only the faintest whiff of city's beer tradition left |newspaper=The Times |date=18 February 2004 |page=4}}</ref> The last regular batch of the [[cask ale|cask-conditioned]] version of McEwan's 80/- was brewed in 2006 after annual production dropped below 10,000 barrels, although the beer made a brief return in June 2011 and has since been brewed seasonally by W&Y.<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Cask Brochure, June 2011 |url=http://www.waverleytbs.co.uk/Branches/WaverleyTBS/WaverleyTBS/Files/Documents/TotalCask/Total%20Cask%20June%202011%20Brochure.pdf |publisher=Waverley TBS |accessdate=22 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120320154937/http://www.waverleytbs.co.uk/Branches/WaverleyTBS/WaverleyTBS/Files/Documents/TotalCask/Total%20Cask%20June%202011%20Brochure.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Wells & Young's Scottish ales |newspaper=Morning Advertiser |date=29 March 2012}}</ref> ''McEwan's Lager'' was reintroduced in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=McEwan's Lager set for Edinburgh pubs comeback |url= http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/mcewans-lager-set-for-edinburgh-pubs-1019031 |newspaper=Daily Record |date=18 April 2009 |accessdate=22 August 2012}}</ref>
+In February 2004, Scottish & Newcastle announced the closure of the Fountain Brewery. Production costs at Fountainbridge had become twice as high as those at the company's lowest-cost brewery in [[Tadcaster]], North Yorkshire.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leopold |first1=John |last2=Harris |first2=Lynette |title=The Strategic Managing of Human Resources |year=2009 |publisher=Financial Times/ Prentice Hall |edition=2nd |page=255 |isbn=978-0-273-71386-9}}</ref> It closed in June 2005, with the loss of 170 jobs.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> Production of McEwan's draught beers was transferred to the Caledonian Brewery with cans of ''McEwan's Export'' being produced at John Smith's Brewery in Tadcaster.<ref name="Last orders for famed Edinburgh brewery">{{cite news |date=3 June 2005 |url=http://heritage.scotsman.com/ingenuity.cfm?id=609522005 |title=Last orders for famed Edinburgh brewery |newspaper=The Scotsman |access-date=11 March 2007}}</ref> The McEwan's and Younger's brands added around 50,000 barrels to the production of the Caledonian.<ref>{{cite news |title=Only the faintest whiff of city's beer tradition left |newspaper=The Times |date=18 February 2004 |page=4}}</ref> The last regular batch of the [[cask ale|cask-conditioned]] version of McEwan's 80/- was brewed in 2006 after annual production dropped below 10,000 barrels, although the beer made a brief return in June 2011 and has since been brewed seasonally by W&Y.<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Cask Brochure, June 2011 |url=http://www.waverleytbs.co.uk/Branches/WaverleyTBS/WaverleyTBS/Files/Documents/TotalCask/Total%20Cask%20June%202011%20Brochure.pdf |publisher=Waverley TBS |access-date=22 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120320154937/http://www.waverleytbs.co.uk/Branches/WaverleyTBS/WaverleyTBS/Files/Documents/TotalCask/Total%20Cask%20June%202011%20Brochure.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Wells & Young's Scottish ales |newspaper=Morning Advertiser |date=29 March 2012}}</ref> ''McEwan's Lager'' was reintroduced in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=McEwan's Lager set for Edinburgh pubs comeback |url= http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/mcewans-lager-set-for-edinburgh-pubs-1019031 |newspaper=Daily Record |date=18 April 2009 |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref>
 ===Sale to Wells & Young's===
-In October 2011, Heineken sold the McEwan's beer brands to Wells & Young's for around £20 million, and production of McEwan's Best Scotch and canned and bottled brands moved to Bedford.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cheers! McEwan's and Younger's set for new 'lease of life' after sale |url=http://www.scotsman.com/the-scotsman/scotland/cheers-mcewan-s-and-younger-s-set-for-new-lease-of-life-after-sale-1-1891651 |newspaper=The Scotsman |date=5 October 2011 |accessdate=16 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Scottish beer deal puts Wells and Young’s into the top three |url=http://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/news/business/local-business/scottish_beer_deal_puts_wells_and_young_s_into_the_top_three_1_3116380 |accessdate=22 August 2012|newspaper=Bedford Today|date=4 October 2011}}</ref> The new owners vowed to reintroduce McEwan's as a cask ale brand and launch an expanded premium bottled range.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharp |first=Tim |title=Export hopes brew for premium beer brands |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/business/company-news/export-hopes-brew-for-premium-beer-brands.15285519 |accessdate=22 August 2012|newspaper=Herald Scotland |date=5 October 2011}}</ref> Together with the Younger's brands McEwan's generates £80,000,000 of sales annually in the UK, and McEwan's is now the largest Wells & Young's brand.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-15167251 |work=BBC News |title=Brewer buys McEwan's and Younger's Scottish ales |date=4 October 2011 |accessdate=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |title=Wells & Young’s boosts premium ale category with McEwan’s |url=http://www.talkingretail.com/products/product-news/wells-youngs-boosts-premium-ale-category-with-mcewans |date=23 April 2012 |publisher=TalkingRetail.com |accessdate=17 October 2012}}</ref> It is the highest-selling ale brand in Scotland where it has a 20% market share.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |last1=Stiff |first1=Peter |last2=Walsh |first2=Dominic |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/consumer/article3184236.ece |publisher=thetimes.co.uk |date=5 October 2011 |title=Taste for Scots ales lifts Wells and Young's into top three |accessdate=17 October 2012}}</ref> Like most largely pasteurised ale brands in the UK it has been in a state of managed decline.<ref>Euromonitor 2011, 47.9mn litres in 2001 to 17.6mn litres in 2010.</ref> The beers are sold predominantly in Scotland and the north of England; a small amount is exported to Italy.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> 2012 saw the launch of ''McEwan's Export'' in bottles, and a new seasonal cask-conditioned [[golden ale]] called ''McEwan's Gold''.<ref name=autogenerated3 /><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Morning Advertiser |date=12 July 2012 |title=McEwan's goes for Gold |page=24}}</ref> In 2013, export sales to Canada were resumed, having been discontinued under Heineken.<ref name=autogenerated10>{{cite news|last=Ranscombe|first=Peter|title=Wells ‘rejuvenates’ McEwan’s|url=http://www.scotsman.com/business/management/wells-rejuvenates-mcewan-s-1-2899100|accessdate=18 April 2013|newspaper=scotsman.com|date=18 April 2013}}</ref> In April 2013, McEwan's Red was launched, aimed at younger drinkers and with the intention of expanding the brand into England.<ref name=autogenerated7 /> McEwan's beers began to be sold in France in April 2013.<ref name=autogenerated10 /> The bottled beers McEwan's ''Amber'' and ''Signature'' were launched in July 2013.
+In October 2011, Heineken sold the McEwan's beer brands to Wells & Young's for around £20 million, and production of McEwan's Best Scotch and canned and bottled brands moved to Bedford.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cheers! McEwan's and Younger's set for new 'lease of life' after sale |url=http://www.scotsman.com/the-scotsman/scotland/cheers-mcewan-s-and-younger-s-set-for-new-lease-of-life-after-sale-1-1891651 |newspaper=The Scotsman |date=5 October 2011 |access-date=16 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Scottish beer deal puts Wells and Young's into the top three |url=http://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/news/business/local-business/scottish_beer_deal_puts_wells_and_young_s_into_the_top_three_1_3116380 |access-date=22 August 2012|newspaper=Bedford Today|date=4 October 2011}}</ref> The new owners vowed to reintroduce McEwan's as a cask ale brand and launch an expanded premium bottled range.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharp |first=Tim |title=Export hopes brew for premium beer brands |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/business/company-news/export-hopes-brew-for-premium-beer-brands.15285519 |access-date=22 August 2012|newspaper=Herald Scotland |date=5 October 2011}}</ref> Together with the Younger's brands McEwan's generated £80,000,000 of sales annually in the UK, with McEwan's the largest Wells & Young's brand.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-15167251 |work=BBC News |title=Brewer buys McEwan's and Younger's Scottish ales |date=4 October 2011 |access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |title=Wells & Young's boosts premium ale category with McEwan's |url=http://www.talkingretail.com/products/product-news/wells-youngs-boosts-premium-ale-category-with-mcewans |date=23 April 2012 |publisher=TalkingRetail.com |access-date=17 October 2012}}</ref> It was the highest-selling ale brand in Scotland where it had a 20% market share.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |last1=Stiff |first1=Peter |last2=Walsh |first2=Dominic |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/consumer/article3184236.ece |publisher=thetimes.co.uk |date=5 October 2011 |title=Taste for Scots ales lifts Wells and Young's into top three |access-date=17 October 2012}}</ref> Like most largely pasteurised ale brands in the UK it had been in a state of managed decline.<ref>Euromonitor 2011, 47.9mn litres in 2001 to 17.6mn litres in 2010.</ref> The beers were sold predominantly in Scotland and the north of England; a small amount was exported to Italy.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> 2012 saw the launch of ''McEwan's Export'' in bottles, and a new seasonal cask-conditioned [[golden ale]] called ''McEwan's Gold''.<ref name=autogenerated3 /><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Morning Advertiser |date=12 July 2012 |title=McEwan's goes for Gold |page=24}}</ref> In 2013, export sales to Canada were resumed, having been discontinued under Heineken.<ref name=autogenerated10>{{cite news|last=Ranscombe|first=Peter|title=Wells 'rejuvenates' McEwan's|url=http://www.scotsman.com/business/management/wells-rejuvenates-mcewan-s-1-2899100|access-date=18 April 2013|newspaper=scotsman.com|date=18 April 2013}}</ref> In April 2013, McEwan's Red was launched, aimed at younger drinkers and with the intention of expanding the brand into England.<ref name=autogenerated7 /> McEwan's beers began to be sold in France in April 2013.<ref name=autogenerated10 /> The bottled beers McEwan's ''Amber'' and ''Signature'' were launched in July 2013.
 ===Sale to Marston's===
-In May 2017, [[Marston's]] announced that it had acquired the McEwan's brands as part of the acquisition of Charles Wells's brewing interest with cans and bottles continuing to be brewed in Bedford, England.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-39959394 |title=Charles Wells' Bedford brewery sells to Marston's for £55m |publisher=BBC News |date=18 May 2017 |accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref>
+In May 2017, [[Marston's]] announced that it had acquired the McEwan's brands as part of the acquisition of Charles Wells's brewing interest with cans and bottles continuing to be brewed in Bedford, England.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-39959394 |title=Charles Wells' Bedford brewery sells to Marston's for £55m |publisher=BBC News |date=18 May 2017 |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> In April 2020, Marston's placed its brewing business, including the McEwan's brands, into a joint venture with Carlsberg.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-22 |title=Brewers Carlsberg UK and Marston's announce merger |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/may/22/beer-brewers-carlsberg-and-marstons-announce-uk-merger |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref>
+===Closure of Caledonian Brewery===
+In May 2022, Heineken announced the closure of its Caledonian Brewery which contract-brewed draught McEwan's in Edinburgh. It said its own Scottish brands would be contract-brewed by Greene King's Belhaven Brewery. There was no announcement on where McEwan's draught would be brewed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-25 |title=Edinburgh's historic Caledonian Brewery to close after 153 years |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-61584103 |access-date=2022-05-28}}</ref>
 ==Current product range==
-[[File:McEwans ale.JPG|thumb|right|upright|120px|McEwan's<br /> Champion Ale]]
+[[File:McEwans champion glass and bottle.jpg|thumb|right|McEwan's<br /> Champion Ale]]
-* '''McEwan's 60/-''' (3.2 per cent [[Alcohol by volume|ABV]])
+;'''McEwan's 60/-''' (3.2 per cent [[Alcohol by volume|ABV]])
-:A beer style known in Scotland as "Light", this dark coloured beer is similar to an English [[mild ale]].
+: A beer style known in Scotland as "Light", this dark coloured beer is similar to an English [[mild ale]].
-* '''McEwan's Best Scotch''' (3.6 per cent ABV)
+;'''McEwan's Best Scotch''' (3.6 per cent ABV)
-:A beer that shares style characteristics with both mild and [[bitter (beer)|bitter]].<ref name=autogenerated8>{{cite web|title=Our Beers|url=http://www.mcewans.co.uk/our-beers/best-scotch/|publisher=McEwan's|accessdate=18 April 2013}}</ref> It sells 23,000 [[hectolitres]] annually.<ref name=autogenerated8 /> Sales are concentrated in the Tyneside region, and the beer is not found in Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Parties |work=Elders IXL Ltd. and Scottish & Newcastle Breweries plc; A Report on the Merger Situations |url=http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1989/fulltext/244c4.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120119184343/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1989/fulltext/244c4.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2012 |pages=18–36 |publisher=The Monopolies and Mergers Commission |accessdate=17 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Production was moved from the Tyne Brewery in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] to the Federation Brewery in [[Gateshead]] in 2005. The Federation Brewery was closed in 2010, and production of ''McEwan's Best Scotch'' was contracted to the Burtonwood Brewery, between [[Warrington]] and [[St Helens, Merseyside|St Helens]], until it moved to Bedford following the Wells & Young's takeover.
+: A beer that shares style characteristics with both mild and [[bitter (beer)|bitter]].<ref name=autogenerated8>{{cite web|title=Our Beers|url=http://www.mcewans.co.uk/our-beers/best-scotch/|publisher=McEwan's|access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> It sells 23,000 [[hectolitres]] annually.<ref name=autogenerated8 /> Sales are concentrated in the Tyneside region, and the beer is not found in Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Parties |work=Elders IXL Ltd. and Scottish & Newcastle Breweries plc; A Report on the Merger Situations |url=http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1989/fulltext/244c4.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120119184343/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1989/fulltext/244c4.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2012 |pages=18–36 |publisher=The Monopolies and Mergers Commission |access-date=17 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Production was moved from the Tyne Brewery in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] to the Federation Brewery in [[Gateshead]] in 2005. The Federation Brewery was closed in 2010, and production of ''McEwan's Best Scotch'' was contracted to the Burtonwood Brewery, between [[Warrington]] and [[St Helens, Merseyside|St Helens]], until it moved to Bedford following the Wells & Young's takeover.
-* '''McEwan's 70/-''' (3.7 per cent ABV)
+;'''McEwan's 70/-''' (3.7 per cent ABV)
-:Shares many characteristics with an English [[session bitter]].
+: Shares many characteristics with an English [[session bitter]].
-* '''McEwan's 80/-''' (4.2 per cent ABV)
+;'''McEwan's 80/-''' (4.2 per cent ABV)
-:A Heavy, which until 2000 was brewed to 4.5 per cent ABV.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/McEwan's+is+a+few+shillings+short+of+the+full+80%2F-.-a061037951 |title=McEwan's is a few shillings short of the full 80/- |newspaper=Scottish Daily Record & Sunday |publisher=Free Online Library |accessdate=17 October 2012}}</ref>
+: A Heavy, which until 2000 was brewed to 4.5 per cent ABV.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/McEwan's+is+a+few+shillings+short+of+the+full+80%2F-.-a061037951 |title=McEwan's is a few shillings short of the full 80/- |newspaper=Scottish Daily Record & Sunday |publisher=Free Online Library |access-date=17 October 2012}}</ref>
-* '''McEwan's Export''' (4.5 per cent ABV<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcewans.co.uk/our-beers/mcewans-export/ |title=Age Gate |publisher=McEwans |accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref>)
+;'''McEwan's Export''' (4.5 per cent ABV<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcewans.co.uk/our-beers/mcewans-export/ |title=Age Gate |publisher=McEwans |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref>)
-:The second highest selling canned premium ale in the UK.<ref name="marstons1">{{cite web |url= http://www.marstons.co.uk/docs/Premium_Bottled_Ale_Report_2013.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=14 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131215002216/http://www.marstons.co.uk/docs/Premium_Bottled_Ale_Report_2013.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2013  }}</ref> In cans, it sold over 30,000 hectolitres in 2012.<ref name="marstons1"/> In Scotland it accounts for 83 per cent of the canned premium ale market.<ref>{{cite web |title=New price mark pack for McEwan’s |url=http://www.talkingretail.com/products/product-news/new-price-mark-pack-for-mcewan%E2%80%99s |accessdate=17 October 2012 |publisher=TalkingRetail.com |date=21 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120929045444/http://www.talkingretail.com/products/product-news/new-price-mark-pack-for-mcewan%E2%80%99s |archive-date=29 September 2012}}</ref> Sometimes sold as ''McEwan's India Pale Ale'' in overseas markets.
+: The second highest selling canned premium ale in the UK.<ref name="marstons1">{{cite web |url= http://www.marstons.co.uk/docs/Premium_Bottled_Ale_Report_2013.pdf |title=Premium Bottled Ale Report 2013 |access-date=14 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131215002216/http://www.marstons.co.uk/docs/Premium_Bottled_Ale_Report_2013.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2013  }}</ref> In cans, it sold over 30,000 hectolitres in 2012.<ref name="marstons1"/> In Scotland it accounts for 83 per cent of the canned premium ale market.<ref>{{cite web |title=New price mark pack for McEwan's |url=http://www.talkingretail.com/products/product-news/new-price-mark-pack-for-mcewan%E2%80%99s |access-date=17 October 2012 |publisher=TalkingRetail.com |date=21 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120929045444/http://www.talkingretail.com/products/product-news/new-price-mark-pack-for-mcewan%E2%80%99s |archive-date=29 September 2012}}</ref> Sometimes sold as ''McEwan's India Pale Ale'' in overseas markets.
-* '''McEwan's Champion Ale''' (7.3 per cent ABV)
+;'''McEwan's Champion Ale''' (7.3 per cent ABV)
-:A Burton or Edinburgh ale, a style known locally as "Wee Heavy". Available across the United Kingdom in 500ml bottles, it is one of the top twenty highest selling bottled ales, selling around 7,000 hectolitres in 2012.<ref name="marstons1"/> A stronger version is sold as ''McEwan's Scotch Ale'' in export markets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zythophile.wordpress.com/2007/10/08/come-back-for-the-burtons/ |title=Come-back for the Burtons |website= Zythophile.wordpress.com |first= Martyn |last= Cornell|date= 8 October 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2011}} (blog of a noted beer historian)</ref>{{efn|Historically, various McEwan's products have been sold under the name "McEwan's Scotch Ale'", although most recently this has been an 8 per cent version of Champion Ale.}}
+: A Burton or Edinburgh ale, a style known locally as "Wee Heavy". Available across the United Kingdom in 500ml bottles, it is one of the top twenty highest selling bottled ales, selling around 7,000 hectolitres in 2012.<ref name="marstons1"/> A stronger version is sold as ''McEwan's Scotch Ale'' in export markets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zythophile.wordpress.com/2007/10/08/come-back-for-the-burtons/ |title=Come-back for the Burtons |website= Zythophile.wordpress.com |first= Martyn |last= Cornell|date= 8 October 2007 |access-date=7 May 2011}} (blog of a noted beer historian)</ref>{{efn|Historically, various McEwan's products have been sold under the name "McEwan's Scotch Ale'", although most recently this has been an 8 per cent version of Champion Ale.}}
-* '''McEwan's Lager''' (3.6 per cent ABV)
+;'''McEwan's Lager''' (3.6 per cent ABV)
-* '''McEwan's Red''' (3.6 per cent ABV)
+;'''McEwan's Red''' (3.6 per cent ABV)
-:An ale with a reddish tinge introduced in 2013.<ref name=autogenerated7 />
+: An ale with a reddish tinge introduced in 2013.<ref name=autogenerated7 />
 ==Advertising==
 [[File:McEwansScotchAle-3182e.jpg|thumb|right|120px|McEwan's Scotch Ale (export), with a label used until 2010]]
-Throughout the Victorian period, and into the twentieth century, McEwan's drew heavily from imagery of the British Empire in its branding. The Laughing Cavalier mascot was introduced to the McEwan's brand in the 1930s. Based on the well-known [[Frans Hals]] painting,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/7410351.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=In Pictures: Scottish Brewing Archive |date=20 May 2008 |accessdate=12 October 2012}}</ref> it has been used extensively in advertisements and branding ever since. During the 1960s, and 1970s, McEwan's was advertised as "The best buy in beer".
+Throughout the Victorian period, and into the twentieth century, McEwan's drew heavily from imagery of the British Empire in its branding. The Laughing Cavalier mascot was introduced to the McEwan's brand in the 1930s. Based on the well-known [[Frans Hals]] painting,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/7410351.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=In Pictures: Scottish Brewing Archive |date=20 May 2008 |access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> it has been used extensively in advertisements and branding ever since. During the 1960s, and 1970s, McEwan's was advertised as "The best buy in beer".
-From the 1970s until the early 1990s ''McEwan's Best Scotch'' was marketed in the North East of England as "The one you've got to come back for".<ref name="Marketing">{{cite book|title=Marketing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_G3yAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=17 October 2012|year=1978|page=71}}</ref>
+From the 1970s until the early 1990s ''McEwan's Best Scotch'' was marketed in the North East of England as "The one you've got to come back for".<ref name="Marketing">{{cite book|title=Marketing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_G3yAAAAMAAJ|access-date=17 October 2012|year=1978|page=71}}</ref>
 The "alive and kicking" campaign for ''McEwan's Lager'' from 1986 until 1997 saw some of the most memorable and radical television advertisements yet produced at the time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Blair|first=Kay|title=McEwan's guns for rival with friendly campaign|newspaper=The Scotsman|date=26 February 1997}}</ref>
@@ Line 93: / Line 98: @@
 ===Sponsorship===
 During the 1980s and 1990s, McEwan's sponsored six [[association football|football]] clubs and two [[rugby league]] clubs:
-* [[Carlisle United F.C.|Carlisle United]]&nbsp;– 1982 to 1988 (as 'McEwan's Younger')<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Carlisle_United/Carlisle_United.htm |title=Carlisle United |work= Historicalkits.co.uk |accessdate=7 May 2011}}</ref>
+* [[Carlisle United F.C.|Carlisle United]]&nbsp;– 1982 to 1988 (''McEwan's Younger'')<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Carlisle_United/Carlisle_United.htm |title=Carlisle United |work= Historicalkits.co.uk |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref>
-* [[Darlington F.C.|Darlington]]&nbsp;– 1984 to 1987<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Darlington/Darlington.htm |title= Darlington| work= Historicalkits.co.uk |accessdate=7 May 2011}}</ref>
+* [[Darlington F.C.|Darlington]]&nbsp;– 1984 to 1987<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Darlington/Darlington.htm |title= Darlington| work= Historicalkits.co.uk |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref>
-* [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]&nbsp;– 1987 to 1999 (''McEwan's Lager'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Scottish_Football_League/Rangers/Rangers.htm |title=Rangers |work= Historicalkits.co.uk |date=2 January 1939 |accessdate=7 May 2011}}</ref>
+* [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]&nbsp;– 1987 to 1999 (''McEwan's Lager'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Scottish_Football_League/Rangers/Rangers.htm |title=Rangers |work= Historicalkits.co.uk |date=2 January 1939 |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref>
-* [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]]&nbsp;– 1991 to 1994 (away games only)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Notts_County/Notts_County.htm |title=Notts County |work= Historicalkits.co.uk |date= 10 February 2010 |accessdate=7 May 2011}}</ref>
+* [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]]&nbsp;– 1991 to 1994 (away kit only)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Notts_County/Notts_County.htm |title=Notts County |work= Historicalkits.co.uk |date= 10 February 2010 |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref>
-* [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]&nbsp;– 1991 to 1995<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Blackburn_Rovers/Blackburn_Rovers.htm |title=Blackburn Rovers |website= Historicalkits.co.uk |accessdate=7 May 2011}}</ref>
+* [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]&nbsp;– 1991 to 1995<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Blackburn_Rovers/Blackburn_Rovers.htm |title=Blackburn Rovers |website= Historicalkits.co.uk |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref>
-* [[St Helens R.F.C.]]&nbsp;– 1991 to 1999<ref name="Saints Heritage Society">{{cite web |url=http://www.saints.org.uk/saints.org.uk/home/viewpage.php |publisher=Saints Heritage Society| website= saints.org.uk |title=General Pages and Shirt Tales |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref>
+* [[St Helens R.F.C.]]&nbsp;– 1991 to 1999<ref name="Saints Heritage Society">{{cite web |url=http://www.saints.org.uk/saints.org.uk/home/viewpage.php |publisher=Saints Heritage Society| website= saints.org.uk |title=General Pages and Shirt Tales |access-date=20 October 2010}}</ref>
 * [[Wakefield Trinity|Wakefield Trinity Wildcats]]&nbsp;– 1993 to 1997
-* [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]&nbsp;– 1991 to 1996 (away games only)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Newcastle_United/Newcastle_United-change-kits.html |title=Newcastle United Change Kits |work=Historicalkits.co.uk |date=27 January 1951 |accessdate=7 May 2011}}</ref>
+* [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]&nbsp;– 1991 to 1996 (away kit only)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Newcastle_United/Newcastle_United-change-kits.html |title=Newcastle United Change Kits |work=Historicalkits.co.uk |date=27 January 1951 |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 107: / Line 112: @@
 ==References==
-'''Notes'''
 {{notelist|notes=}}
-'''Citations'''
+===Citations===
 {{reflist|30em}}